He was conferred with the Padma Shri in 2010. Naveen Patnaik said Kulke ‘brought Odisha’s rich heritage into global academic discourse’.

Eminent historian and Indologist, Prof Hermann Kulke, considered the foremost global voice of Odisha’s culture and history, died on Tuesday. He was 87 years old.

Born in Berlin in 1938, Kulke was a Professor Emeritus of South and Southeast Asian History at Kiel University in Germany. He completed his PhD in Indology on the temple city of Chidambaram from Freiburg University in 1967, and his D.Litt on Gajapati Kingship and the Jagannath Cult from Heidelberg University in 1975.

He was a founding member and coordinator of the first two Orissa Research Projects of the German Research Council and taught Indian history for 21 years at the South Asia Institute at Heidelberg University.

He was based in Odisha for several years and was conferred with the Padma Shri in 2010.

In his 1975 thesis, ‘Jagannatha Cult and Gajapati-Kingship. A Contribution to the History of Religious Legitimation of Hindu Rulers’, Prof Kulke explored how the Jagannath Cult served as a mechanism for political legitimation in medieval Odisha and how the Gajapati kings used the deity to solidify their authority.

He studied how, like in Odisha, Chola kingship ideology was also strongly associated with a monumental temple — the Rajarajesvara or Brihadisvara temple at Thanjavur, constructed by Rajaraja I in the early 11th century.

Former Odisha chief minister Naveen Patnaik condoled Prof Kulke’s death. “Deeply saddened to learn about the passing away of eminent historian and Padma Shri awardee Prof Hermann Kulke. His demise is a profound loss to the world of history and Indology. His leadership at Orissa Research Project; pioneering research on Odisha’s culture, history and Shree Jagannatha tradition brought Odisha’s rich heritage into global academic discourse. My thoughts and prayers are with his family and admirers. May his soul rest in peace,” wrote Patnaik.

Taking to X, Odisha Deputy Chief Minister K V Singh Deo said, “Deeply saddened by the passing of eminent historian and Padma Shri awardee Prof. Hermann Kulke. His pioneering research on Odisha’s history, culture, and politics has left an indelible mark on Indology and will continue to inspire generations of scholars. As a founding member of the Orissa Research Project, his contributions to the study of our state’s heritage remain unparalleled. May his soul rest in peace.”

source/content: indianexpress.com (headline edited)

Sanju Samson dominated NZ alongside Abhishek Sharma, who saved his best for the last in India’s 255 for five against New Zealand in the final.

India on Sunday became the first team to successfully defend the T20 World Cup title, and the first to lift it three times, after beating New Zealand by 96 runs at the Narendra Modi Stadium in Ahmedabad.

Sanju Samson dominated New Zealand alongside Abhishek Sharma, who saved his best for the last in India’s 255 for five against New Zealand in the final. Ishan Kishan (54 off 25 balls) joined them, forming a top three that left New Zealand stunned.

Abhishek capitalised on Mitchell Santner’s errors with a 21-ball-52, while Samson scored 89 off 46 balls with eight sixes — a few over long-on, a couple over square leg, down the ground, and over long-off.

After Rachin Ravindra (1/32 in 2 overs) removed Abhishek following a 98-run opening stand off 43 balls, Kishan kept the momentum with four sixes and four boundaries.

A 105-run partnership off 48 balls pushed India past 200 before Jimmy Neesham (3/46 in four overs) removed Samson, Kishan, and Suryakumar Yadav (0) in the 16th over.

New Zealand’s Tim Seifert tried to keep the chase alive with a brisk 52 off 26 balls, but the rest of the top order failed to make an impact in the big run chase.

Axar Patel removed Finn Allen for 9 and later dismissed Glenn Phillips for 5, while Jasprit Bumrah sent back Rachin Ravindra for 1.

The pressure continued to build as Hardik Pandya and Varun Chakravarthy picked up a wicket each, leaving New Zealand five down by the halfway mark.

On Nov 19, 2023, Rohit Sharma’s men had lost to Australia in the ODI World Cup final at the same venue. More recently, South Africa beat India by 76 runs in the opening Super 8 match of this tournament, putting their qualification hopes in doubt.

source/content: telegraphindia.com (headline edited)

India’s arms imports are driven by its tensions with China and Pakistan, said the report on “Trends in International Arms Transfers”.

India’s arms imports fell 4% between 2016-20 and 2021-25, but the country remains the world’s second largest importer of military hardware, accounting for 8.2% of global weapon imports, a Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (Sipri) report said on Monday.

India’s arms imports are driven by its tensions with China and Pakistan, said the report on “Trends in International Arms Transfers”.

“The drop in imports can be partly attributed to India’s growing ability to design and produce its own weapons, although there are often substantial delays in domestic production. However, India’s recent orders or planned orders — including up to 140 combat aircraft from France and 6 submarines from Germany — indicate its continued and probably increasing reliance on foreign suppliers,” it pointed out.

Ukraine, which received 9.7% of all arms transfers in 2021-25, is the world’s largest arms importer.

The latest data on international arms transfers shows that Russia was the top supplier of military hardware to India during 2021-25, but weapons sourced from Russia have dropped significantly over the last 15 years as India diversifies its arms suppliers and boosts self-reliance in the defence manufacturing sector.

Over the past decade, India has shifted its arms relations away from Russia towards Western suppliers, especially France, Israel and the United States, said the report, which compared data over two five-year periods. “The largest share of Indian arms imports during 2021-25 came from Russia, at 40%—a significantly smaller share than in 2016-20 (51%) and almost half that in 2011-15 (70%). India is increasingly turning to Western suppliers.”

India was locked in a border dispute with China in eastern Ladakh and launched Operation Sindoor against Pakistan during 2021-25, a period that saw the armed forces make a raft of emergency procurements to stay battle-ready. To be sure, India was the world’s second largest arms importer behind Ukraine during 2020-24 too, and its arms imports fell 9.3% over the previous five-year period (2015-2019).

France and Israel are India’s second and third-largest suppliers of weapons and equipment, accounting for 29% and 15% of the country’s arms imports, the report said.

Arms imports by Pakistan grew by 66% between 2016-2020 and 2021-2025, it adds. “China supplied 80% of Pakistan’s arms imports in 2021-25, up from 73% in 2016–20.” From air defence systems to fighter jets and missiles, Pakistan deployed a range of Chinese-origin weaponry against India during Operation Sindoor — the four-day military confrontation between the two nuclear-armed neighbours last May following the April 22 Pahalgam terror attack in which 26 people were killed.

“In South Asia, the high volume of arms that India imports is largely due to the perceived threat from China and to India’s long-running conflict with the main recipient of Chinese arms exports, Pakistan. Imported weapons were used in the 2025 clash between India and Pakistan, both nuclear-armed states,” said Siemon Wezeman, senior researcher with the Sipri arms transfer programme.

India has taken several measures to boost self-reliance in the defence manufacturing sector during recent years. These include imposing phased import bans on different types of weapons, systems, ammunition, and critical sub-systems and components, creating a separate budget for buying locally made military hardware, increasing foreign direct investment (FDI) from 49% to 74%, and improving ease of doing business.

On February 1, India hiked its defence spending by more than 15% in the backdrop of Operation Sindoor, setting aside ₹7.85 lakh crore for the critical sector in the Union Budget for 2026-27, including a capital outlay of ₹2.19 lakh crore to boost the capabilities of the armed forces with new weapons and systems including fighter planes, transport aircraft, helicopters, warships, submarines, artillery guns, smart weapons, missiles, rockets and a variety of unmanned systems.

The budget earmarked ₹1.39 lakh crore for buying military hardware from domestic sources to boost self-reliance in the defence manufacturing sector, up from ₹1.11 lakh crore in 2025-26.

source/content: hindustantimes.com (headline edited)

Coast Guard to get six indigenously designed, developed, and manufactured Mk-III choppers worth ₹2,901 cr from HAL; Russian Shtil missiles worth ₹2,182 cr to be installed on Navy’s frontline warships.

The Ministry of Defence on Tuesday signed contracts worth ₹5,083 crore for the acquisition of six Advanced Light Helicopters (ALH) Mk-III (Maritime Role) for the Indian Coast Guard, and Surface-to-Air Vertical Launch – Shtil missiles for the Indian Navy.

The contracts were inked in the presence of Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh at South Block in Delhi.

The contract for the six ALH Mk-III (MR) choppers, along with operational role equipment, an engineering support package, and performance-based logistics support, valued at ₹2,901 crore, has been signed with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Bengaluru. The purchase comes under the category of indigenously designed, developed, and manufactured products, the MoD said.

Boost for Coast Guard

The twin-engine helicopters incorporate state-of-the-art features superior to the airborne platforms currently in operation, and are capable of undertaking a wide spectrum of maritime security missions from shore-based airfields as well as from ships at sea. Their induction is expected to significantly enhance the Indian Coast Guard’s capability to ensure the safety and protection of artificial islands, offshore installations, and fishermen, as well as safeguarding the marine environment, the Ministry said.

The project envisages supply of equipment from more than 200 MSMEs and is expected to generate approximately 65 lakh man-hours of employment. The contract reinforces the government’s commitment to Aatmanirbhar Bharat, or resilient India, and the Make-in-India initiative, while strengthening the country’s maritime security architecture, it added.

Air defence on Navy ships

Separately, the contract for the procurement of Surface-to-Air Vertical Launch – Shtil missiles and associated missile holding frames, valued at ₹2,182 crore, has been signed with JSC Rosoboronexport, a state-run company of the Russian Federation. The acquisition is aimed at substantially enhancing the air defence capabilities of frontline warships against a wide spectrum of aerial threats, the Ministry said.

The system will bolster the layered air defence architecture onboard Indian Navy platforms by providing rapid-reaction, all-weather engagement capability and improved survivability in contested maritime environments. The contract underscores the longstanding defence partnership between India and Russia, built on mutual trust and strategic alignment.

source/content: thehindu.com (headline edited)

While geopolitical tensions in West Asia once again threaten to disrupt global fuel supply chain, Indian Railways has achieved a milestone with 99.4 per cent of its broad gauge network electrified as of January 2026, according to a note by “Riding Sunbeams”, a UK-based organisation that works towards electrification of railways.

“Electrification of Indian Railways has led to cuts in diesel consumption by 178 crore litres in 2024-25, achieving a 62 per cent reduction since 2016-17,” the note said, also pointing out that India relies on the Strait of Hormuz for nearly 40 per cent of its crude oil imports and over 20 per cent of its LNG supply.

The note said India is at the forefront of rail electrification worldwide and far ahead of major rail economies including China and the United Kingdom in terms of network electrification share. “Very few countries have achieved fully electrified railways, and Indian Railways’ network is thirteen times the size of the next largest, in Switzerland,” it added.

Riding Sunbeams, which has been monitoring Indian Railways’ progress in this area for the last four years, noted that at a time when India imports over 85 per cent of its crude oil requirements and remains exposed to volatility in global supply routes, including the Strait of Hormuz, this achievement significantly strengthens national energy resilience.

“Every sustained rise in global crude prices increases the country’s annual import bill, placing pressure on inflation, public finances and household costs. By shifting the backbone of its rail mobility from diesel to electricity, India has reduced this exposure while advancing its climate commitments. Electrification has already led to a huge reduction in India’s diesel consumption compared to the mid-2010s baseline, lowering operating costs and insulating rail operations from fossil fuel price shocks,” the organisation said.

Electric traction, where trains draw power from overhead electricity lines rather than diesel engines, is approximately 70 per cent more economical than diesel traction. The shift, from diesel to electricity, delivers long term savings to the public exchequer while maintaining some of the world’s most affordable passenger fares, Riding Sunbeams noted.

With more than 26 million passengers travelling daily, Indian Railways remains a vital instrument of inclusive mobility and economic productivity. in March 2023, the railways set a target of becoming a net zero carbon emitter by 2030.

This article was generated from an automated news agency feed without modifications to text.

source/content: hindustantimes.com (headline edited)

First digital census since 2011 will allow online self enumeration in 16 languages and include caste data with house listing phase running from April to September.

Union home minister Amit Shah on Thursday launched a set of digital platforms and unveiled two mascots for the country’s first digital census, scheduled to begin on April 1 after a delay of almost six years.

Population censuses are supposed to take place every 10 years, but there has been none since 2011.

The population count, which will include a caste enumeration for the first time, will be conducted in two phases, the first between April 1 and September 30, 2026, and the second in February 2027.

During the first phase, data on housing conditions and household amenities will be collected while the second phase will record demographic, social and economic particulars of every person in the country. For the first time, citizens will be able to self-enumerate online in 16 languages before enumerators begin door-to-door surveys.

The mascots Pragati and Vikas represent female and male enumerators and symbolise the equal participation of women and men in fulfilling the resolve to make India a developed nation by 2047, the home ministry said in a statement.

The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing has developed advanced digital platforms to facilitate enumeration operations across the country.

The newly launched digital systems include:

 Houselisting Block Creator (HLBC) web application: A web application which enables officers to digitally create houselisting blocks using satellite imagery, ensuring standardised geographic coverage across the country

 HLO Mobile Application: A secure offline mobile application for enumerators to collect and upload houselisting data. Only enumerators registered on the CMMS portal can access the application. The app enables direct field-to-server data transmission, eliminating traditional paperwork. All houselisting data will be collected through this app, which can only be operated using registered mobile numbers. The application can be operated in 16 regional languages

 Self-Enumeration (SE) portal: The SE portal is a secure web-based facility that allows eligible respondents within a household to submit their household information online prior to field operations. Upon successful submission, a unique self-enumeration ID will be generated. This ID will be shared with the enumerator, based on which further verification will be carried out

 Census Management and Monitoring System (CMMS) portal: A centralised, web-based digital platform designed to plan, manage, execute and monitor all census-related activities across administrative levels. Officers at sub-district, district and state levels can track enumeration progress, field performance and operational readiness in real-time through an integrated dashboard.

source/content: telegraphindia.com (headline edited)

The state contributes about 14% to India’s nominal GDP, the highest among all states, followed by Tamil Nadu (9.4%) and Uttar Pradesh (9%).

Maharashtra continues to be India’s largest state economy, with its nominal Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) estimated at Rs 46.22 lakh crore in 2024-25. The state’s economy is expected to grow to Rs 51 lakh crore in 2025-26, according to the Economic Survey 2025-26 presented in the state assembly on Thursday.

The survey estimates Maharashtra’s per capita income at Rs 3,17,801 for 2024-25, which is expected to rise to Rs 3,47,903 next year, reflecting steady growth. The state contributes about 14% to India’s nominal GDP, the highest among all states, followed by Tamil Nadu (9.4%) and Uttar Pradesh (9%).

Among the top ten state economies, Tamil Nadu has a GSDP of Rs 31.18 lakh crore, Uttar Pradesh Rs 29.78 lakh crore, Karnataka Rs 28.83 lakh crore, and Gujarat Rs 27.03 lakh crore. Other leading states include West Bengal, Rajasthan, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh.

Maharashtra’s strong performance is driven mainly by the services and industrial sectors. Its outstanding debt is estimated at 18.3% of GSDP in 2025-26, a manageable level that keeps public finances stable under the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) framework.

For 2025-26, the state’s total receipts are projected at Rs 6,99,569 crore and total expenditure at Rs 7,00,020 crore, resulting in a small budgetary deficit of Rs 451 crore. Revenue receipts are estimated at Rs 5,60,964 crore, with revenue expenditure at Rs 6,06,855 crore, leading to a revenue deficit of 0.9% of GSDP.

Tax revenue remains the largest source of the state’s income, with SGST contributing the most. The government plans to increase capital spending on infrastructure and development projects to support long-term growth.

source/content: telegraphindia.com (headline edited)

New Delhi and Ottawa have also inked a landmark deal on uranium and decided to establish a defence dialogue, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Canadian PM Mark Carney said.

India and Canada will work together on small modular reactors, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said Monday as the external affairs ministry said the two countries have agreed to terms of reference on a comprehensive economic partnership.

New Delhi and Ottawa have also inked a landmark deal on uranium and decided to establish a defence dialogue, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said during press statements with Canadian PM Mark Carney, who is on his first official visit to India.

Carney said the India-Canada uranium deal would be worth $2.6 billion.

The two countries aim to increase bilateral trade to $50 billion by 2030, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Carney said.

Carney said the aim was to conclude the India-Canada comprehensive economic partnership pact by end-2026.

The announcements mark a reset in bilateral relations that had nosedived with the killing of a Khalistani activist in Canada in 2023 that Ottawa had blamed New Delhi for.

Prime Minister Carney’s visit marks the most consequential step to rebuild ties after the diplomatic rupture then.

source/content: telegraphindia.com (headline edited)